Limit container resolver recursion depth (#1524)

## Description

Now that the container resolver may not have all folders in-memory (we're relaxing the limits on when we return an error), add a recursion depth limit. Limit aligns with currently supported M365 service folder hierarchy depth limits

Exchange limitations for [mail folders](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/servicedescriptions/exchange-online-service-description/exchange-online-limits#mailbox-folder-limits) (search "Maximum folder hierarchy depth")
[OneDrive](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/restrictions-and-limitations-in-onedrive-and-sharepoint-64883a5d-228e-48f5-b3d2-eb39e07630fa) limit on path length (search "file name and path lengths")

Minor refactoring of test code to make it easier to spin up tests for multiple cases

## Type of change

<!--- Please check the type of change your PR introduces: --->
- [ ] 🌻 Feature
- [x] 🐛 Bugfix
- [ ] 🗺️ Documentation
- [ ] 🤖 Test
- [ ] 💻 CI/Deployment
- [ ] 🐹 Trivial/Minor

## Issue(s)

* closes #1519

merge after
* #1523 

## Test Plan

<!-- How will this be tested prior to merging.-->
- [ ] 💪 Manual
- [x] ⚡ Unit test
- [ ] 💚 E2E

src/internal/connector/exchange/container_resolver.go

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/pkg/path"
 )
 
+// Exchange has a limit of 300 for folder depth. OneDrive has a limit on path
+// length of 400 characters (including separators) which would be roughly 200
+// folders if each folder is only a single character.
+const maxIterations = 300
+
 func newContainerResolver() *containerResolver {
 	return &containerResolver{
 		cache: map[string]graph.CachedContainer{},
@@ -24,6 +29,18 @@ func (cr *containerResolver) IDToPath(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	folderID string,
 ) (*path.Builder, error) {
+	return cr.idToPath(ctx, folderID, 0)
+}
+
+func (cr *containerResolver) idToPath(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	folderID string,
+	depth int,
+) (*path.Builder, error) {
+	if depth >= maxIterations {
+		return nil, errors.New("path contains cycle or is too tall")
+	}
+
 	c, ok := cr.cache[folderID]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("folder %s not cached", folderID)
@@ -34,7 +51,7 @@ func (cr *containerResolver) IDToPath(
 		return p, nil
 	}
 
-	parentPath, err := cr.IDToPath(ctx, *c.GetParentFolderId())
+	parentPath, err := cr.idToPath(ctx, *c.GetParentFolderId(), depth+1)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "retrieving parent folder")
 	}

src/internal/connector/exchange/container_resolver_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package exchange
 
 import (
 	stdpath "path"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -256,6 +255,34 @@ func (m *mockCachedContainer) SetPath(newPath *path.Builder) {
 	m.p = newPath
 }
 
+func resolverWithContainers(numContainers int) (*containerResolver, []*mockCachedContainer) {
+	containers := make([]*mockCachedContainer, 0, numContainers)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numContainers; i++ {
+		containers = append(containers, newMockCachedContainer("a"))
+	}
+
+	// Base case for the recursive lookup.
+	containers[0].p = path.Builder{}.Append(containers[0].displayName)
+	containers[0].expectedPath = containers[0].displayName
+
+	for i := 1; i < len(containers); i++ {
+		containers[i].parentID = containers[i-1].id
+		containers[i].expectedPath = stdpath.Join(
+			containers[i-1].expectedPath,
+			containers[i].displayName,
+		)
+	}
+
+	resolver := newContainerResolver()
+
+	for _, c := range containers {
+		resolver.cache[c.id] = c
+	}
+
+	return resolver, containers
+}
+
 // TestConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite cannot run its tests in parallel.
 type ConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite struct {
 	suite.Suite
@@ -266,38 +293,43 @@ type ConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite struct {
 }
 
 func (suite *ConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite) SetupTest() {
-	suite.allContainers = []*mockCachedContainer{}
-
-	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
-		suite.allContainers = append(
-			suite.allContainers,
-			newMockCachedContainer(strings.Repeat("sub", i)+"folder"),
-		)
-	}
-
-	// Base case for the recursive lookup.
-	suite.allContainers[0].p = path.Builder{}.Append(suite.allContainers[0].displayName)
-	suite.allContainers[0].expectedPath = suite.allContainers[0].displayName
-
-	for i := 1; i < len(suite.allContainers); i++ {
-		suite.allContainers[i].parentID = suite.allContainers[i-1].id
-		suite.allContainers[i].expectedPath = stdpath.Join(
-			suite.allContainers[i-1].expectedPath,
-			suite.allContainers[i].displayName,
-		)
-	}
-
-	suite.fc = newContainerResolver()
-
-	for _, c := range suite.allContainers {
-		suite.fc.cache[c.id] = c
-	}
+	suite.fc, suite.allContainers = resolverWithContainers(4)
 }
 
 func TestConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite(t *testing.T) {
 	suite.Run(t, new(ConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite))
 }
 
+func (suite *ConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite) TestDepthLimit() {
+	ctx, flush := tester.NewContext()
+	defer flush()
+
+	table := []struct {
+		name          string
+		numContainers int
+		check         assert.ErrorAssertionFunc
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "AtLimit",
+			numContainers: maxIterations,
+			check:         assert.NoError,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "OverLimit",
+			numContainers: maxIterations + 1,
+			check:         assert.Error,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range table {
+		suite.T().Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resolver, containers := resolverWithContainers(test.numContainers)
+			_, err := resolver.IDToPath(ctx, containers[len(containers)-1].id)
+			test.check(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func (suite *ConfiguredFolderCacheUnitSuite) TestPopulatePaths() {
 	ctx, flush := tester.NewContext()
 	defer flush()