diff --git a/src/internal/kopia/upload.go b/src/internal/kopia/upload.go
index 522d3fad5..2d815594f 100644
--- a/src/internal/kopia/upload.go
+++ b/src/internal/kopia/upload.go
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ func streamBaseEntries(
 		// TODO(ashmrtn): We may eventually want to make this a function that is
 		// passed in so that we can more easily switch it between different external
 		// service provider implementations.
-		if !metadata.IsMetadataFile(itemPath) {
+		if !metadata.IsMetadataFilePath(itemPath) {
 			// All items have item info in the base backup. However, we need to make
 			// sure we have enough metadata to find those entries. To do that we add
 			// the item to progress and having progress aggregate everything for
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/backup_test.go b/src/internal/m365/backup_test.go
index 3e35b0030..c00167a69 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/backup_test.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/backup_test.go
@@ -403,17 +403,19 @@ func (suite *SPCollectionIntgSuite) TestCreateSharePointCollection_Libraries() {
 	// No excludes yet as this isn't an incremental backup.
 	assert.True(t, excludes.Empty())
 
+	// assume the last service in the path is sharepoint.
+	srs := cols[0].FullPath().ServiceResources()
+	service := srs[len(srs)-1].Service
+
 	t.Logf("cols[0] Path: %s\n", cols[0].FullPath().String())
-	assert.Equal(
-		t,
-		path.SharePointMetadataService.String(),
-		cols[0].FullPath().Service().String())
+	assert.Equal(t, path.SharePointMetadataService, service)
+
+	// assume the last service in the path is sharepoint.
+	srs = cols[1].FullPath().ServiceResources()
+	service = srs[len(srs)-1].Service
 
 	t.Logf("cols[1] Path: %s\n", cols[1].FullPath().String())
-	assert.Equal(
-		t,
-		path.SharePointService.String(),
-		cols[1].FullPath().Service().String())
+	assert.Equal(t, path.SharePointService, service)
 }
 
 func (suite *SPCollectionIntgSuite) TestCreateSharePointCollection_Lists() {
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/collection/site/collection.go b/src/internal/m365/collection/site/collection.go
index 6d115ca3b..d4d5f82e5 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/collection/site/collection.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/collection/site/collection.go
@@ -218,12 +218,16 @@ func (sc *Collection) retrieveLists(
 	var (
 		metrics support.CollectionMetrics
 		el      = errs.Local()
+		// todo: pass in the resourceOwner as an idname.Provider
+		srs = sc.fullPath.ServiceResources()
+		// take the last resource in srs, since that should be the data owner
+		protectedResource = srs[len(srs)-1].ProtectedResource
 	)
 
 	lists, err := loadSiteLists(
 		ctx,
 		sc.client.Stable,
-		sc.fullPath.ResourceOwner(),
+		protectedResource,
 		sc.jobs,
 		errs)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -279,6 +283,10 @@ func (sc *Collection) retrievePages(
 	var (
 		metrics support.CollectionMetrics
 		el      = errs.Local()
+		// todo: pass in the resourceOwner as an idname.Provider
+		srs = sc.fullPath.ServiceResources()
+		// take the last resource in srs, since that should be the data owner
+		protectedResource = srs[len(srs)-1].ProtectedResource
 	)
 
 	betaService := sc.betaService
@@ -286,14 +294,14 @@ func (sc *Collection) retrievePages(
 		return metrics, clues.New("beta service required").WithClues(ctx)
 	}
 
-	parent, err := as.GetByID(ctx, sc.fullPath.ResourceOwner())
+	parent, err := as.GetByID(ctx, protectedResource)
 	if err != nil {
 		return metrics, err
 	}
 
 	root := ptr.Val(parent.GetWebUrl())
 
-	pages, err := betaAPI.GetSitePages(ctx, betaService, sc.fullPath.ResourceOwner(), sc.jobs, errs)
+	pages, err := betaAPI.GetSitePages(ctx, betaService, protectedResource, sc.jobs, errs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return metrics, err
 	}
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/collection/site/restore.go b/src/internal/m365/collection/site/restore.go
index 875ac5115..d89c949f5 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/collection/site/restore.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/collection/site/restore.go
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ func ConsumeRestoreCollections(
 			ictx     = clues.Add(ctx,
 				"category", category,
 				"restore_location", clues.Hide(rcc.RestoreConfig.Location),
-				"resource_owner", clues.Hide(dc.FullPath().ResourceOwner()),
+				"resource_owners", clues.Hide(
+					path.ServiceResourcesToResources(
+						dc.FullPath().ServiceResources())),
 				"full_path", dc.FullPath())
 		)
 
@@ -219,9 +221,12 @@ func RestoreListCollection(
 	var (
 		metrics   = support.CollectionMetrics{}
 		directory = dc.FullPath()
-		siteID    = directory.ResourceOwner()
 		items     = dc.Items(ctx, errs)
 		el        = errs.Local()
+		// todo: pass in the resourceOwner as an idname.Provider
+		srs = directory.ServiceResources()
+		// take the last resource in srs, since that should be the data owner
+		protectedResource = srs[len(srs)-1].ProtectedResource
 	)
 
 	trace.Log(ctx, "m365:sharepoint:restoreListCollection", directory.String())
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ func RestoreListCollection(
 				ctx,
 				service,
 				itemData,
-				siteID,
+				protectedResource,
 				restoreContainerName)
 			if err != nil {
 				el.AddRecoverable(ctx, err)
@@ -292,7 +297,10 @@ func RestorePageCollection(
 	var (
 		metrics   = support.CollectionMetrics{}
 		directory = dc.FullPath()
-		siteID    = directory.ResourceOwner()
+		// todo: pass in the resourceOwner as an idname.Provider
+		srs = directory.ServiceResources()
+		// take the last resource in srs, since that should be the data owner
+		protectedResource = srs[len(srs)-1].ProtectedResource
 	)
 
 	trace.Log(ctx, "m365:sharepoint:restorePageCollection", directory.String())
@@ -325,7 +333,7 @@ func RestorePageCollection(
 				ctx,
 				service,
 				itemData,
-				siteID,
+				protectedResource,
 				restoreContainerName)
 			if err != nil {
 				el.AddRecoverable(ctx, err)
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/controller_test.go b/src/internal/m365/controller_test.go
index 73bb65b93..9730f6cb3 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/controller_test.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/controller_test.go
@@ -1249,11 +1249,11 @@ func (suite *ControllerIntegrationSuite) TestRestoreAndBackup_largeMailAttachmen
 
 func (suite *ControllerIntegrationSuite) TestBackup_CreatesPrefixCollections() {
 	table := []struct {
-		name         string
-		resourceCat  resource.Category
-		selectorFunc func(t *testing.T) selectors.Selector
-		service      path.ServiceType
-		categories   []string
+		name             string
+		resourceCat      resource.Category
+		selectorFunc     func(t *testing.T) selectors.Selector
+		metadataServices []path.ServiceType
+		categories       []string
 	}{
 		{
 			name:        "Exchange",
@@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ func (suite *ControllerIntegrationSuite) TestBackup_CreatesPrefixCollections() {
 
 				return sel.Selector
 			},
-			service: path.ExchangeService,
+			metadataServices: []path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService},
 			categories: []string{
 				path.EmailCategory.String(),
 				path.ContactsCategory.String(),
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ func (suite *ControllerIntegrationSuite) TestBackup_CreatesPrefixCollections() {
 
 				return sel.Selector
 			},
-			service: path.OneDriveService,
+			metadataServices: []path.ServiceType{path.OneDriveMetadataService},
 			categories: []string{
 				path.FilesCategory.String(),
 			},
@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ func (suite *ControllerIntegrationSuite) TestBackup_CreatesPrefixCollections() {
 
 				return sel.Selector
 			},
-			service: path.SharePointService,
+			metadataServices: []path.ServiceType{path.SharePointMetadataService},
 			categories: []string{
 				path.LibrariesCategory.String(),
 				// not yet in use
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ func (suite *ControllerIntegrationSuite) TestBackup_CreatesPrefixCollections() {
 
 				// Ignore metadata collections.
 				fullPath := col.FullPath()
-				if fullPath.Service() != test.service {
+				if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(fullPath.ServiceResources(), test.metadataServices) {
 					continue
 				}
 
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata.go b/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata.go
index d213cd481..61e01ff23 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata.go
@@ -5,13 +5,30 @@ import (
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/pkg/path"
 )
 
-func IsMetadataFile(p path.Path) bool {
-	switch p.Service() {
+// IsMetadataFilePath checks whether the LAST service in the path
+// supports metadata file types and, if so, whether the item has
+// a meta suffix.
+func IsMetadataFilePath(p path.Path) bool {
+	return IsMetadataFile(
+		p.ServiceResources(),
+		p.Category(),
+		p.Item())
+}
+
+// IsMetadataFile accepts the ServiceResources, cat, and Item values from
+// a path (or equivalent representation) and returns true if the item
+// is a Metadata entry.
+func IsMetadataFile(
+	srs []path.ServiceResource,
+	cat path.CategoryType,
+	itemID string,
+) bool {
+	switch srs[len(srs)-1].Service {
 	case path.OneDriveService:
-		return metadata.HasMetaSuffix(p.Item())
+		return metadata.HasMetaSuffix(itemID)
 
 	case path.SharePointService:
-		return p.Category() == path.LibrariesCategory && metadata.HasMetaSuffix(p.Item())
+		return cat == path.LibrariesCategory && metadata.HasMetaSuffix(itemID)
 
 	default:
 		return false
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata_test.go b/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata_test.go
index 256f558f8..c62d7935e 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata_test.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata/metadata_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package metadata_test
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/alcionai/clues"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 type boolfAssertionFunc func(assert.TestingT, bool, string, ...any) bool
 
 type testCase struct {
-	service  path.ServiceType
+	srs      []path.ServiceResource
 	category path.CategoryType
 	expected boolfAssertionFunc
 }
@@ -39,40 +39,89 @@ var (
 
 	cases = []testCase{
 		{
-			service:  path.ExchangeService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.ExchangeService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.EmailCategory,
 			expected: assert.Falsef,
 		},
 		{
-			service:  path.ExchangeService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.ExchangeService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.ContactsCategory,
 			expected: assert.Falsef,
 		},
 		{
-			service:  path.ExchangeService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.ExchangeService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.EventsCategory,
 			expected: assert.Falsef,
 		},
 		{
-			service:  path.OneDriveService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.OneDriveService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.FilesCategory,
 			expected: assert.Truef,
 		},
 		{
-			service:  path.SharePointService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.SharePointService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.LibrariesCategory,
 			expected: assert.Truef,
 		},
 		{
-			service:  path.SharePointService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.SharePointService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.ListsCategory,
 			expected: assert.Falsef,
 		},
 		{
-			service:  path.SharePointService,
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           path.SharePointService,
+				ProtectedResource: user,
+			}},
 			category: path.PagesCategory,
 			expected: assert.Falsef,
 		},
+		{
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{
+				{
+					Service:           path.OneDriveService,
+					ProtectedResource: user,
+				},
+				{
+					Service:           path.ExchangeService,
+					ProtectedResource: user,
+				},
+			},
+			category: path.EventsCategory,
+			expected: assert.Falsef,
+		},
+		{
+			srs: []path.ServiceResource{
+				{
+					Service:           path.ExchangeService,
+					ProtectedResource: user,
+				},
+				{
+					Service:           path.OneDriveService,
+					ProtectedResource: user,
+				},
+			},
+			category: path.FilesCategory,
+			expected: assert.Truef,
+		},
 	}
 )
 
@@ -87,21 +136,26 @@ func TestMetadataUnitSuite(t *testing.T) {
 func (suite *MetadataUnitSuite) TestIsMetadataFile_Files_MetaSuffixes() {
 	for _, test := range cases {
 		for _, ext := range metaSuffixes {
-			suite.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s", test.service, test.category, ext), func() {
+			name := []string{}
+
+			for _, sr := range test.srs {
+				name = append(name, sr.Service.String())
+			}
+
+			name = append(name, test.category.String(), ext)
+
+			suite.Run(strings.Join(name, " "), func() {
 				t := suite.T()
 
 				p, err := path.Build(
 					tenant,
-					[]path.ServiceResource{{
-						Service:           test.service,
-						ProtectedResource: user,
-					}},
+					test.srs,
 					test.category,
 					true,
 					"file"+ext)
 				require.NoError(t, err, clues.ToCore(err))
 
-				test.expected(t, metadata.IsMetadataFile(p), "extension %s", ext)
+				test.expected(t, metadata.IsMetadataFilePath(p), "extension %s", ext)
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -110,21 +164,26 @@ func (suite *MetadataUnitSuite) TestIsMetadataFile_Files_MetaSuffixes() {
 func (suite *MetadataUnitSuite) TestIsMetadataFile_Files_NotMetaSuffixes() {
 	for _, test := range cases {
 		for _, ext := range notMetaSuffixes {
-			suite.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s", test.service, test.category, ext), func() {
+			name := []string{}
+
+			for _, sr := range test.srs {
+				name = append(name, sr.Service.String())
+			}
+
+			name = append(name, test.category.String(), ext)
+
+			suite.Run(strings.Join(name, " "), func() {
 				t := suite.T()
 
 				p, err := path.Build(
 					tenant,
-					[]path.ServiceResource{{
-						Service:           test.service,
-						ProtectedResource: user,
-					}},
+					test.srs,
 					test.category,
 					true,
 					"file"+ext)
 				require.NoError(t, err, clues.ToCore(err))
 
-				assert.Falsef(t, metadata.IsMetadataFile(p), "extension %s", ext)
+				assert.Falsef(t, metadata.IsMetadataFilePath(p), "extension %s", ext)
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -135,21 +194,26 @@ func (suite *MetadataUnitSuite) TestIsMetadataFile_Directories() {
 
 	for _, test := range cases {
 		for _, ext := range suffixes {
-			suite.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s", test.service, test.category, ext), func() {
+			name := []string{}
+
+			for _, sr := range test.srs {
+				name = append(name, sr.Service.String())
+			}
+
+			name = append(name, test.category.String(), ext)
+
+			suite.Run(strings.Join(name, " "), func() {
 				t := suite.T()
 
 				p, err := path.Build(
 					tenant,
-					[]path.ServiceResource{{
-						Service:           test.service,
-						ProtectedResource: user,
-					}},
+					test.srs,
 					test.category,
 					false,
 					"file"+ext)
 				require.NoError(t, err, clues.ToCore(err))
 
-				assert.Falsef(t, metadata.IsMetadataFile(p), "extension %s", ext)
+				assert.Falsef(t, metadata.IsMetadataFilePath(p), "extension %s", ext)
 			})
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/helper_test.go b/src/internal/m365/helper_test.go
index fee6cc1f5..39d2f6606 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/helper_test.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/helper_test.go
@@ -865,7 +865,6 @@ func compareItem(
 	t *testing.T,
 	colPath path.Path,
 	expected map[string][]byte,
-	service path.ServiceType,
 	category path.CategoryType,
 	item data.Stream,
 	mci m365Stub.ConfigInfo,
@@ -875,7 +874,11 @@ func compareItem(
 		assert.NotZero(t, mt.ModTime())
 	}
 
-	switch service {
+	// assume the last service in the path is the data owner
+	srs := colPath.ServiceResources()
+	lastService := srs[len(srs)-1].Service
+
+	switch lastService {
 	case path.ExchangeService:
 		switch category {
 		case path.EmailCategory:
@@ -900,7 +903,7 @@ func compareItem(
 		return compareDriveItem(t, expected, item, mci, rootDir)
 
 	default:
-		assert.FailNowf(t, "unexpected service: %s", service.String())
+		assert.FailNowf(t, "unexpected service: %s", lastService.String())
 	}
 
 	return true
@@ -929,9 +932,12 @@ func checkHasCollections(
 
 		fp := g.FullPath()
 		loc := g.(data.LocationPather).LocationPath()
+		// take the last service, since it should be the one owning data
+		srs := fp.ServiceResources()
+		service := srs[len(srs)-1].Service
 
-		if fp.Service() == path.OneDriveService ||
-			(fp.Service() == path.SharePointService && fp.Category() == path.LibrariesCategory) {
+		if service == path.OneDriveService ||
+			(service == path.SharePointService && fp.Category() == path.LibrariesCategory) {
 			dp, err := path.ToDrivePath(fp)
 			if !assert.NoError(t, err, clues.ToCore(err)) {
 				continue
@@ -971,11 +977,12 @@ func checkCollections(
 	for _, returned := range got {
 		var (
 			hasItems        bool
-			service         = returned.FullPath().Service()
 			category        = returned.FullPath().Category()
 			expectedColData = expected[returned.FullPath().String()]
 			folders         = returned.FullPath().Elements()
 			rootDir         = folders[len(folders)-1] == mci.RestoreCfg.Location
+			srs             = returned.FullPath().ServiceResources()
+			lastService     = srs[len(srs)-1].Service
 		)
 
 		// Need to iterate through all items even if we don't expect to find a match
@@ -987,9 +994,9 @@ func checkCollections(
 			// is for actual pull items.
 			// TODO(ashmrtn): Should probably eventually check some data in metadata
 			// collections.
-			if service == path.ExchangeMetadataService ||
-				service == path.OneDriveMetadataService ||
-				service == path.SharePointMetadataService {
+			if lastService == path.ExchangeMetadataService ||
+				lastService == path.OneDriveMetadataService ||
+				lastService == path.SharePointMetadataService {
 				skipped++
 				continue
 			}
@@ -1005,7 +1012,6 @@ func checkCollections(
 				t,
 				returned.FullPath(),
 				expectedColData,
-				service,
 				category,
 				item,
 				mci,
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/service/exchange/backup_test.go b/src/internal/m365/service/exchange/backup_test.go
index acee5119e..e57cf2ce9 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/service/exchange/backup_test.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/service/exchange/backup_test.go
@@ -491,7 +491,9 @@ func (suite *BackupIntgSuite) TestMailFetch() {
 			require.NoError(t, err, clues.ToCore(err))
 
 			for _, c := range collections {
-				if c.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+				if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+					c.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+					[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 					continue
 				}
 
@@ -577,7 +579,9 @@ func (suite *BackupIntgSuite) TestDelta() {
 			var metadata data.BackupCollection
 
 			for _, coll := range collections {
-				if coll.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+				if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+					coll.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+					[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 					metadata = coll
 				}
 			}
@@ -611,7 +615,9 @@ func (suite *BackupIntgSuite) TestDelta() {
 			// Delta usage is commented out at the moment, anyway.  So this is currently
 			// a sanity check that the minimum behavior won't break.
 			for _, coll := range collections {
-				if coll.FullPath().Service() != path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+				if !path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+					coll.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+					[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 					ec, ok := coll.(*Collection)
 					require.True(t, ok, "collection is *Collection")
 					assert.NotNil(t, ec)
@@ -666,7 +672,9 @@ func (suite *BackupIntgSuite) TestMailSerializationRegression() {
 			ctx, flush := tester.NewContext(t)
 			defer flush()
 
-			isMetadata := edc.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService
+			isMetadata := path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+				edc.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+				[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService})
 			streamChannel := edc.Items(ctx, fault.New(true))
 
 			// Verify that each message can be restored
@@ -744,7 +752,9 @@ func (suite *BackupIntgSuite) TestContactSerializationRegression() {
 			require.GreaterOrEqual(t, 2, len(edcs), "expected 1 <= num collections <= 2")
 
 			for _, edc := range edcs {
-				isMetadata := edc.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService
+				isMetadata := path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+					edc.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+					[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService})
 				count := 0
 
 				for stream := range edc.Items(ctx, fault.New(true)) {
@@ -874,7 +884,10 @@ func (suite *BackupIntgSuite) TestEventsSerializationRegression() {
 			for _, edc := range collections {
 				var isMetadata bool
 
-				if edc.FullPath().Service() != path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+				// FIXME: this doesn't seem right, it's saying "if not metadata, isMetadata = true"
+				if !path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+					edc.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+					[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 					isMetadata = true
 					assert.Equal(t, test.expected, edc.FullPath().Folder(false))
 				} else {
@@ -1140,7 +1153,9 @@ func (suite *CollectionPopulationSuite) TestPopulateCollections() {
 
 				deleteds, news, metadatas, doNotMerges := 0, 0, 0, 0
 				for _, c := range collections {
-					if c.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+					if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+						c.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+						[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 						metadatas++
 						continue
 					}
@@ -1491,7 +1506,9 @@ func (suite *CollectionPopulationSuite) TestFilterContainersAndFillCollections_D
 							continue
 						}
 
-						if c.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+						if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+							c.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+							[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 							metadatas++
 							checkMetadata(t, ctx, qp.Category, test.expectMetadata(t, qp.Category), c)
 							continue
@@ -1650,7 +1667,9 @@ func (suite *CollectionPopulationSuite) TestFilterContainersAndFillCollections_r
 
 			deleteds, news, metadatas, doNotMerges := 0, 0, 0, 0
 			for _, c := range collections {
-				if c.FullPath().Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+				if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+					c.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+					[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 					metadatas++
 					continue
 				}
@@ -2082,7 +2101,9 @@ func (suite *CollectionPopulationSuite) TestFilterContainersAndFillCollections_i
 
 						require.NotNil(t, p)
 
-						if p.Service() == path.ExchangeMetadataService {
+						if path.ServiceResourcesMatchServices(
+							c.FullPath().ServiceResources(),
+							[]path.ServiceType{path.ExchangeMetadataService}) {
 							metadatas++
 							continue
 						}
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/service/groups/restore.go b/src/internal/m365/service/groups/restore.go
index e36b3d7df..5512df4c6 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/service/groups/restore.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/service/groups/restore.go
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ func ConsumeRestoreCollections(
 			ictx     = clues.Add(ctx,
 				"category", category,
 				"restore_location", clues.Hide(rcc.RestoreConfig.Location),
-				"protected_resource", clues.Hide(dc.FullPath().ResourceOwner()),
+				"resource_owners", clues.Hide(
+					path.ServiceResourcesToResources(
+						dc.FullPath().ServiceResources())),
 				"full_path", dc.FullPath())
 		)
 
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/service/sharepoint/restore.go b/src/internal/m365/service/sharepoint/restore.go
index 35e1c67cd..12aaad60e 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/service/sharepoint/restore.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/service/sharepoint/restore.go
@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@ func ConsumeRestoreCollections(
 			ictx     = clues.Add(ctx,
 				"category", category,
 				"restore_location", clues.Hide(rcc.RestoreConfig.Location),
-				"resource_owner", clues.Hide(dc.FullPath().ResourceOwner()),
+				"resource_owners", clues.Hide(
+					path.ServiceResourcesToResources(
+						dc.FullPath().ServiceResources())),
 				"full_path", dc.FullPath())
 		)
 
diff --git a/src/internal/m365/stub/stub.go b/src/internal/m365/stub/stub.go
index 133fc5ff1..c0d4459c1 100644
--- a/src/internal/m365/stub/stub.go
+++ b/src/internal/m365/stub/stub.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/data"
-	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/m365/collection/drive/metadata"
+	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/m365/graph/metadata"
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/m365/mock"
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/m365/resource"
 	exchMock "github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/m365/service/exchange/mock"
@@ -63,9 +63,11 @@ func GetCollectionsAndExpected(
 
 	for _, owner := range config.ResourceOwners {
 		numItems, kopiaItems, ownerCollections, userExpectedData, err := CollectionsForInfo(
-			config.Service,
 			config.Tenant,
-			owner,
+			[]path.ServiceResource{{
+				Service:           config.Service,
+				ProtectedResource: owner,
+			}},
 			config.RestoreCfg,
 			testCollections,
 			backupVersion)
@@ -128,9 +130,7 @@ func CollectionsForInfo(
 			baseExpected[info.Items[i].LookupKey] = info.Items[i].Data
 
 			// We do not count metadata files against item count
-			if backupVersion > 0 &&
-				(service == path.OneDriveService || service == path.SharePointService) &&
-				metadata.HasMetaSuffix(info.Items[i].Name) {
+			if backupVersion > 0 && metadata.IsMetadataFile(srs, info.Category, info.Items[i].Name) {
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -165,9 +165,13 @@ func backupOutputPathFromRestore(
 	inputPath path.Path,
 ) (path.Path, error) {
 	base := []string{restoreCfg.Location}
+	srs := inputPath.ServiceResources()
+	// only the last service is checked, because that should be the service
+	// whose data is stored..
+	lastService := srs[len(srs)-1].Service
 
 	// OneDrive has leading information like the drive ID.
-	if inputPath.Service() == path.OneDriveService || inputPath.Service() == path.SharePointService {
+	if lastService == path.OneDriveService || lastService == path.SharePointService {
 		folders := inputPath.Folders()
 		base = append(append([]string{}, folders[:3]...), restoreCfg.Location)
 
@@ -176,14 +180,13 @@ func backupOutputPathFromRestore(
 		}
 	}
 
-	if inputPath.Service() == path.ExchangeService && inputPath.Category() == path.EmailCategory {
+	if lastService == path.ExchangeService && inputPath.Category() == path.EmailCategory {
 		base = append(base, inputPath.Folders()...)
 	}
 
 	return path.Build(
 		inputPath.Tenant(),
-		inputPath.ResourceOwner(),
-		inputPath.Service(),
+		inputPath.ServiceResources(),
 		inputPath.Category(),
 		false,
 		base...)
diff --git a/src/internal/operations/backup.go b/src/internal/operations/backup.go
index dbe7d0d5c..2dead366f 100644
--- a/src/internal/operations/backup.go
+++ b/src/internal/operations/backup.go
@@ -566,7 +566,10 @@ func getNewPathRefs(
 	// TODO(ashmrtn): In the future we can remove this first check as we'll be
 	// able to assume we always have the location in the previous entry. We'll end
 	// up doing some extra parsing, but it will simplify this code.
-	if repoRef.Service() == path.ExchangeService {
+	//
+	// Currently safe to check only the 0th SR, since exchange had no subservices
+	// at the time of the locations addition.
+	if repoRef.ServiceResources()[0].Service == path.ExchangeService {
 		newPath, newLoc, err := dataFromBackup.GetNewPathRefs(
 			repoRef.ToBuilder(),
 			entry.Modified(),
diff --git a/src/internal/operations/backup_test.go b/src/internal/operations/backup_test.go
index d5e0ee3f3..5538c4ce5 100644
--- a/src/internal/operations/backup_test.go
+++ b/src/internal/operations/backup_test.go
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ func makePath(t *testing.T, elements []string, isItem bool) path.Path {
 	return p
 }
 
+// FIXME: out of date, does not contain sharepoint support
 func makeDetailsEntry(
 	t *testing.T,
 	p path.Path,
@@ -290,7 +291,10 @@ func makeDetailsEntry(
 		Updated:     updated,
 	}
 
-	switch p.Service() {
+	srs := p.ServiceResources()
+	lastService := srs[len(srs)-1].Service
+
+	switch lastService {
 	case path.ExchangeService:
 		if p.Category() != path.EmailCategory {
 			assert.FailNowf(
@@ -321,7 +325,7 @@ func makeDetailsEntry(
 		assert.FailNowf(
 			t,
 			"service %s not supported in helper function",
-			p.Service().String())
+			lastService.String())
 	}
 
 	return res
@@ -529,6 +533,23 @@ func (suite *BackupOpUnitSuite) TestBackupOperation_ConsumeBackupDataCollections
 		fault.New(true))
 }
 
+// makeElements allows creation of repoRefs that wouldn't
+// pass paths package validators.
+func makeElements(
+	tenant string,
+	srs []path.ServiceResource,
+	cat path.CategoryType,
+	suffix ...string,
+) path.Elements {
+	elems := append(
+		path.Elements{tenant},
+		path.ServiceResourcesToElements(srs)...)
+	elems = append(elems, cat.String())
+	elems = append(elems, suffix...)
+
+	return elems
+}
+
 func (suite *BackupOpUnitSuite) TestBackupOperation_MergeBackupDetails_AddsItems() {
 	var (
 		tenant = "a-tenant"
@@ -709,17 +730,11 @@ func (suite *BackupOpUnitSuite) TestBackupOperation_MergeBackupDetails_AddsItems
 					DetailsModel: details.DetailsModel{
 						Entries: []details.Entry{
 							{
-								RepoRef: stdpath.Join(
-									append(
-										[]string{
-											itemPath1.Tenant(),
-											itemPath1.Service().String(),
-											itemPath1.ResourceOwner(),
-											path.UnknownCategory.String(),
-										},
-										itemPath1.Folders()...,
-									)...,
-								),
+								RepoRef: stdpath.Join(makeElements(
+									itemPath1.Tenant(),
+									itemPath1.ServiceResources(),
+									path.UnknownCategory,
+									itemPath1.Folders()...)...),
 								ItemInfo: details.ItemInfo{
 									OneDrive: &details.OneDriveInfo{
 										ItemType:   details.OneDriveItem,
@@ -740,16 +755,13 @@ func (suite *BackupOpUnitSuite) TestBackupOperation_MergeBackupDetails_AddsItems
 				res := newMockDetailsMergeInfoer()
 				p := makePath(
 					suite.T(),
-					[]string{
+					makeElements(
 						itemPath1.Tenant(),
-						path.OneDriveService.String(),
-						itemPath1.ResourceOwner(),
-						path.FilesCategory.String(),
+						itemPath1.ServiceResources(),
+						path.FilesCategory,
 						"personal",
-						"item1",
-					},
-					true,
-				)
+						"item1"),
+					true)
 
 				res.add(itemPath1, p, nil)
 
diff --git a/src/internal/streamstore/streamstore.go b/src/internal/streamstore/streamstore.go
index 6f5918c81..49d9f16e9 100644
--- a/src/internal/streamstore/streamstore.go
+++ b/src/internal/streamstore/streamstore.go
@@ -198,8 +198,13 @@ func collect(
 	service path.ServiceType,
 	col Collectable,
 ) (data.BackupCollection, error) {
+	srs := []path.ServiceResource{{
+		Service:           service,
+		ProtectedResource: col.purpose,
+	}}
+
 	// construct the path of the container
-	p, err := path.Builder{}.ToStreamStorePath(tenantID, col.purpose, service, false)
+	p, err := path.Builder{}.ToStreamStorePath(tenantID, srs, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, clues.Stack(err).WithClues(ctx)
 	}
@@ -257,10 +262,15 @@ func read(
 	rer inject.RestoreProducer,
 	errs *fault.Bus,
 ) error {
+	srs := []path.ServiceResource{{
+		Service:           service,
+		ProtectedResource: col.purpose,
+	}}
+
 	// construct the path of the container
 	p, err := path.Builder{}.
 		Append(col.itemName).
-		ToStreamStorePath(tenantID, col.purpose, service, true)
+		ToStreamStorePath(tenantID, srs, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return clues.Stack(err).WithClues(ctx)
 	}
diff --git a/src/pkg/path/resource_path.go b/src/pkg/path/resource_path.go
index a8cb6222a..1bd380286 100644
--- a/src/pkg/path/resource_path.go
+++ b/src/pkg/path/resource_path.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func newDataLayerResourcePath(
 	cat CategoryType,
 	isItem bool,
 ) dataLayerResourcePath {
-	pfx := append([]string{tenant}, serviceResourcesToElements(srs)...)
+	pfx := append([]string{tenant}, ServiceResourcesToElements(srs)...)
 	pfx = append(pfx, cat.String())
 
 	return dataLayerResourcePath{
diff --git a/src/pkg/path/service_resource.go b/src/pkg/path/service_resource.go
index 77317d029..037011a24 100644
--- a/src/pkg/path/service_resource.go
+++ b/src/pkg/path/service_resource.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package path
 
 import (
 	"github.com/alcionai/clues"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/common/str"
 	"github.com/alcionai/corso/src/internal/common/tform"
@@ -84,11 +85,13 @@ func ServiceResourcesToResources(srs []ServiceResource) []string {
 	return prs
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Unexported Helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+func ServiceResourcesMatchServices(srs []ServiceResource, sts []ServiceType) bool {
+	return slices.EqualFunc(srs, sts, func(sr ServiceResource, st ServiceType) bool {
+		return sr.Service == st
+	})
+}
 
-func serviceResourcesToElements(srs []ServiceResource) Elements {
+func ServiceResourcesToElements(srs []ServiceResource) Elements {
 	es := make(Elements, 0, len(srs)*2)
 
 	for _, tuple := range srs {
@@ -99,6 +102,10 @@ func serviceResourcesToElements(srs []ServiceResource) Elements {
 	return es
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Unexported Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 // elementsToServiceResources turns as many pairs of elems as possible
 // into ServiceResource tuples.  Elems must begin with a service, but
 // may contain more entries than there are service/resource pairs.
diff --git a/src/pkg/path/service_resource_test.go b/src/pkg/path/service_resource_test.go
index 97139c49a..6eab81350 100644
--- a/src/pkg/path/service_resource_test.go
+++ b/src/pkg/path/service_resource_test.go
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (suite *ServiceResourceUnitSuite) TestServiceResourceToElements() {
 		suite.Run(test.name, func() {
 			t := suite.T()
 
-			result := serviceResourcesToElements(test.srs)
+			result := ServiceResourcesToElements(test.srs)
 
 			// not ElementsMatch, order matters
 			assert.Equal(t, test.expect, result)